Intuthuko Yenguquko Kumabhethri Emoto Kagesi: Ukuvula Indlela Yekusasa Eliluhlaza

Isingeniso

Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) ziye zavela njengesixazululo esithembisayo sokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Okubalulekile empumelelweni yama-EV amabhethri awo, agcina futhi anikeze amandla okunika amandla injini kagesi yemoto. Eminyakeni yakamuva, intuthuko enkulu yenziwe kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe, ibanga elide, kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinto ezintsha zakamuva zamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi namandla azo okuguqula imboni yezimoto.

Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bebhethri

Ukuvela kwamabhethri emoto kagesi kungalandelelwa emuva kumabhethri e-lead-acid asekuqaleni asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buye bathuthuka kakhulu, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) futhi, muva nje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asephenduke inketho evamile kuma-EV ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, idizayini engasindi, nempilo ende uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amakhemikhali ebhethri. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi nabakhiqizi bahlala belwela ukusunduza imingcele yobuchwepheshe bebhethri ukuze babhekane nemikhawulo ebalulekile njengezindleko, ukuminyana kwamandla, nesivinini sokushaja.

Amabhethri Esifunda Esiqinile: I-Next Frontier

Enye yentuthuko ethembisa kakhulu kumabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri esimo esiqinile. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko, asebenzisa ama-electrolyte awuketshezi, amabhethri esimo esiqinile asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aqinile, anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa:

Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe: Amabhethri esimo esiqinile awathambekele kangako ekubalekeni okushisayo kanye nokusha kwebhethri, okuwenza aphephe ngokwemvelo kunamabhethri avamile e-lithium-ion.

I-Higher Energy Density: Amabhethri esifunda esiqinile anamandla okuthola ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, okuholela emazingeni okushayela amade ezimotweni zikagesi.

Ukushaja Okusheshayo: Amabhethri esimo esiqinile angakwazi ukumelana nokushajwa kwemisinga ephezulu, anikeze amandla izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha futhi anciphise isikhathi sokuphumula kubanikazi be-EV.

Izinkampani ezifana neToyota, QuantumScape, kanye neSolid Power zihamba phambili ocwaningweni lwebhethri lesimo esiqinile, zitshala imali eningi ku-R&D ukuletha lobu buchwepheshe kwezentengiso. Nakuba izinselele zisekhona, njengokukaleka nezindleko, amabhethri e-solid-state anesithembiso esikhulu ngekusasa lezimoto zikagesi.

Amabhethri e-Silicon Anode: Ukuvula Amandla Amandla Akhudlwana

Enye indawo yokuqanjwa kabusha kumabhethri emoto kagesi ukusetshenziswa kwama-silicon anode. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko asebenzisa ama-graphite anode, anomthamo olinganiselwe wokugcina amandla. I-silicon, nokho, ingagcina ama-ion e-lithium amaningi, okuholela ekuminyaneni okuphezulu kwamandla.

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, ama-silicon anode abhekane nezinselelo ezifana nokuwohloka okusheshayo nokwanda kwevolumu phakathi nemijikelezo yokushaja. Abacwaningi bahlola izinto ezintsha nezindlela zobunjiniyela ukuze banqobe lezi zithiyo futhi bathengise amabhethri e-silicon anode ezimotweni zikagesi.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-Tesla, i-Panasonic, ne-Sila Nanotechnologies zithuthukisa ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusekelwe ku-silicon, zihlose ukuletha amabhethri e-EV anamandla amakhulu nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe.

Amasu Okukhiqiza Athuthukile

Ngaphezu kwamakhemistri amabhethri amasha, ukuthuthuka kwezindlela zokukhiqiza nakho kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Amaqhinga afana nokucubungula i-roll-to-roll, i-electrodeposition, nokuphrinta kwe-3D anika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri anokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, nokuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe.

Ngokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi bebhethri bangakala ukukhiqiza futhi banciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, benze izimoto zikagesi zifinyeleleke kalula kuhlu olubanzi lwabathengi.

Ukusimama Kwemvelo kanye Nokugaywa kabusha

Njengoba ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi kuqhubeka nokukhula, udaba lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri nokusimama kwemvelo selubaluleke kakhulu. Abakhiqizi batshala imali kubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kabusha ukuze bathole izinto ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel kumabhethri asetshenzisiwe.

Izindlela ezintsha zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri zihlose ukunciphisa imfucuza, ukunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni ezimbiwa phansi, nokudala uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka nge-loop oluvaliwe lwamabhethri emoto kagesi. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Redwood Materials, eyasungulwa umsunguli we-Tesla u-JB Straubel, zihola phambili ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela amabhethri, zivula indlela yekusasa elizinzile lezimoto zikagesi.

Isiphetho

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri yemoto kagesi imele ukuqhubekela phambili okubalulekile emzamweni wokuthutha okusimeme. Kusukela kumabhethri e-solid-state kuya kuma-silicon anode nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe, lezi zinto ezintsha zithembisa ukubhekana nezinselelo ezibalulekile futhi zisheshise ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buqhubeka nokuvela, izimoto zikagesi zizothengeka kakhulu, zithembeke, futhi zibe nobungane bemvelo, ekugcineni zilolonge kabusha imboni yezimoto futhi zehlise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke. Ngokucwaninga okuqhubekayo nokusebenzisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza embonini, ikusasa lamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi libukeka liqhakazile kunanini ngaphambili, limemezela inkathi entsha yezinto zokuhamba ezihlanzekile nezisebenza kahle ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.