Tsoelo-pele ea Phetoho ea Libetri tsa Likoloi tsa Motlakase: Ho Betla Tsela ea Bokamoso bo Botala

Selelekela

Likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs) li hlahile e le tharollo e tšepisang ea ho loantša phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mafura a mafura. Bohareng ba katleho ea li-EV ke libeteri tsa tsona, tse bolokang le ho fana ka matla ho matlafatsa enjene ea motlakase ea koloi. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho entsoe tsoelo-pele e kholo theknolojing ea betri, e lebisang ntlafatsong ea ts'ebetso, sebaka se selelele, le linako tsa ho tjhaja kapele. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tsa libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fetola indasteri ea likoloi.

Phetoho ea Theknoloji ea Battery

Phetoho ea libeteri tsa koloi ea motlakase e ka saloa morao morao ho libeteri tsa pele tsa asiti ea lead tse sebelisoang likoloing tsa motlakase lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng. Ho tloha ka nako eo, theknoloji ea betri e bile le tsoelo-pele e kholo, ka nts'etsopele ea libeteri tsa nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) le, morao tjena, libeteri tsa lithium-ion.

Libetri tsa lithium-ion li fetohile khetho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa li-EV ka lebaka la matla a tsona a mangata, moralo o bobebe, le nako e telele ea bophelo ha e bapisoa le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa betri. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi le bahlahisi ba lula ba leka ho sutumelletsa meeli ea theknoloji ea betri ho sebetsana le mefokolo ea bohlokoa joalo ka litšenyehelo, boima ba matla le lebelo la ho tjhaja.

Libetri tsa Naha tse Tiileng: Moeli o latelang

E 'ngoe ea tsoelo-pele e tšepisang ka ho fetisisa ea libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase ke nts'etsopele ea libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng. Ho fapana le libeteri tsa setso tsa lithium-ion, tse sebelisang li-electrolyte tsa metsi, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li sebelisa li-electrolyte tse tiileng, tse fanang ka melemo e mengata:

Tšireletseho e Ntlafetseng: Libetri tsa boemo bo tiileng ha li ratehe haholo ho tsoa mochesong le mellong ea betri, e leng ho li etsang hore li sireletsehe ka tlhaho ho feta libeteri tse tloaelehileng tsa lithium-ion.

Matla a Phahameng a Matla: Libetri tsa boemo bo tiileng li na le monyetla oa ho fumana matla a phahameng a matla, e leng se etsang hore ho be le nako e telele ea ho khanna likoloi tsa motlakase.

Ho tjhaja ka Potlako: Libetri tsa boemo bo tiileng li khona ho mamella maqhubu a holimo a ho tjhaja, tse nolofalletsang linako tsa ho tjhaja kapele le ho fokotsa nako ea ho theoha ho beng ba EV.

Likhamphani tse kang Toyota, QuantumScape, le Solid Power li ka pele ho lipatlisiso tsa betri ea naha e tiileng, tse tsetelang haholo ho R&D ho tlisa theknoloji ena khoebong. Le ha mathata a ntse a le teng, joalo ka scalability le litšenyehelo, libeteri tsa mmuso o tiileng li na le ts'episo e kholo bakeng sa bokamoso ba likoloi tsa motlakase.

Libetri tsa Silicon Anode: Ho notlolla Matla a Matla a Matla

Sebaka se seng sa boqapi ba libeteri tsa koloi ea motlakase ke tšebeliso ea li-anode tsa silicon. Libetri tsa setso tsa lithium-ion li sebelisa graphite anode, tse nang le matla a fokolang a ho boloka matla. Silicon, leha ho le joalo, e ka boloka li-ion tsa lithium tse ngata haholo, tse lebisang ho matla a phahameng a matla.

Leha e ka khona, li-anode tsa silicon li 'nile tsa tobana le mathata a kang ho senyeha ka potlako le ho atolosoa ha molumo nakong ea potoloho ea ho tjhaja. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba hlahloba lisebelisoa tse ncha le mekhoa ea boenjiniere ho hlola litšitiso tsena le ho rekisa libeteri tsa silicon anode bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase.

Likhamphani tse kang Tesla, Panasonic, le Sila Nanotechnologies li ntse li tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele mahlale a betri a thehiloeng ho silicon, ka sepheo sa ho fana ka libeteri tsa EV tse nang le matla a maholo le ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng.

Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso

Ntle le lik'hemik'hale tse ncha tsa betri, tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea tlhahiso e boetse e kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase. Mekhoa e kang ea roll-to-roll processing, electrodeposition, le khatiso ea 3D e nolofalletsa tlhahiso ea libeteri tse nang le matla a mangata a matla, litšenyehelo tse tlaase, le ts'epahalo e ntlafalitsoeng.

Ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, bahlahisi ba betri ba ka fokotsa tlhahiso le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, ba etsa hore likoloi tsa motlakase li fumanehe habonolo ho bareki ba bangata.

Tšireletseho ea Tikoloho le Recycling

Ha ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase ho ntse ho hōla, taba ea ho tsosolosa betri le ho boloka tikoloho e ntse e le ea bohlokoa haholo. Baetsi ba tsetela ho mahlale a ho sebelisa hape ho khutlisa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa joalo ka lithium, cobalt le nickel ho tsoa libetering tse sebelisitsoeng.

Litlhahiso tsa ts'ebetso ea betri li ikemiselitse ho fokotsa litšila, ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka thepa e epiloeng, le ho theha ketane ea phepelo e koetsoeng bakeng sa libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase. Likhamphani tse kang Redwood Materials, tse thehiloeng ke mothehi-'moho le Tesla JB Straubel, li etella pele matsapa a ho tsosolosa betri, ho bula tsela bakeng sa bokamoso bo tsitsitseng haholoanyane bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase.

Qetello

Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea betri ea koloi ea motlakase e bontša tsoelo-pele e kholo molemong oa ho ba le lipalangoang tse tšoarellang. Ho tloha ho libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng ho isa ho li-anode tsa silicon le mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso, lintlafatso tsena li tšepisa ho rarolla mathata a bohlokoa le ho potlakisa ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara.

Ha thekenoloji ea betri e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, likoloi tsa motlakase li tla ba tse theko e tlaase, tse ka tšeptjoang, le ho boloka tikoloho, qetellong li fetola indasteri ea likoloi le ho fokotsa mocheso oa carbon lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le tšebelisano pakeng tsa ba amehang indastering, bokamoso ba libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase bo shebahala bo khanyang ho feta leha e le neng pele, bo phatlalatsa nako e ncha ea lipalangoang tse hloekileng le tse sebetsang bakeng sa meloko e tlang.