Moteri ya Wankel: Impinduramatwara ya Rotary muri Automotive Engineering

Moteri ya Wankel, bakunze kwita moteri izunguruka, yerekana uburyo budasanzwe bwo gushushanya moteri yimbere. Yakozwe na injeniyeri w’Ubudage Felix Wankel mu myaka ya za 1950, iyi moteri yashimishije isi yimodoka nigishushanyo cyayo gishya hamwe nibyiza bitandukanye. Nubwo yahuye n’ibibazo mu myaka yashize, moteri ya Wankel ikomeje kwizihizwa kubera ubunini bwayo, imikorere yoroshye, hamwe n’ingufu nyinshi-n’ibiro. Iyi ngingo irasesengura amateka, igishushanyo, ibyiza, imbogamizi, hamwe nigihe kizaza cya moteri ya Wankel mu nganda z’imodoka.

Intangiriro ya moteri ya Wankel

Felix Wankel, injeniyeri wiyigishije wenyine, yatekereje moteri itandukanye cyane na moteri isanzwe ya piston. Intego ye yari iyo gukora igishushanyo cyoroshye, cyiza kandi gifite ibice bike byimuka. Mu 1957, Wankel yageze ku cyerekezo cye hamwe no gukora prototype ya mbere ikora ya moteri izunguruka. Imashini ya moteri ya Wankel idasanzwe ya rotorale ya rotangulaire, izunguruka mu cyumba cya epitrochoidal, yaranze kuva cyane kuri moteri gakondo zisubirana.

Igishushanyo n'imikorere

Moteri ya Wankel ikora ku ihame ryo kuzunguruka, ikoresheje rotor ya mpandeshatu izunguruka mu cyumba kimeze nka oval. Igishushanyo gifite ibice byinshi byingenzi:

Rotor: Rotor ni mpandeshatu, ishusho yinyenyeri izenguruka mucyumba. Buri sura ya rotor ikora nka piston.

Urugereko rwa Epitrochoidal: Icyumba gifite imiterere ya epitrochoidal (isa na oval) ihuza ingendo ya rotor. Igishushanyo cyemeza ko rotor ikomeza guhuza nurukuta rwicyumba, ikora ibyumba byo gutwika bitandukanye.

Shaft ya Eccentric: Rotor yashyizwe kumutwe wa eccentricique uhindura rotorisiyo yo kuzenguruka mukigenda gisohoka.

Moteri ya Wankel irangiza inzinguzingo enye (gufata, kwikuramo, imbaraga, hamwe numuriro) murwego rumwe rwa rotor. Iyo rotor ihindutse, ingano yibyumba irahinduka, bigatuma moteri ishushanya ivangwa na peteroli ivanze, kuyikanda, kuyitwika, no kwirukana imyuka isohoka.

Ibyiza bya moteri ya Wankel

Moteri ya Wankel itanga ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye na moteri ya piston gakondo:

Ingano yoroheje nuburemere bworoshye: Igishushanyo kizenguruka cyemerera moteri yoroheje kandi yoroheje, bigatuma iba nziza kubisabwa aho umwanya nuburemere ari ibitekerezo byingenzi.

Gukora neza: Kuzenguruka kwa moteri ya Wankel bituma habaho kunyeganyega gake ugereranije no gusubiranamo kwa moteri ya piston. Iyi mikorere yoroshye yongerera imbaraga gutwara no kugabanya kwambara kubice bya moteri.

Ikigereranyo Cyinshi-Kuri-Ibipimo: Bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera cyacyo hamwe nibice bigenda, moteri ya Wankel irashobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi ugereranije nubunini n'uburemere. Ibi bituma bikurura cyane cyane imikorere-yimikorere.

Ibice byimuka bike: Ubworoherane bwimiterere ya moteri ya Wankel, hamwe nibice bike byimuka kandi nta na valve, bigabanya ubukanishi nibintu bishobora gutsindwa. Ibi birashobora kuganisha ku kwizerwa no kubungabunga byoroshye.

Inzitizi no kunegura

Nubwo ibyiza byayo, moteri ya Wankel yahuye nibibazo byinshi no kunengwa:

Gukoresha lisansi: moteri ya Wankel

amateka yarwanije ingufu za peteroli ugereranije na moteri ya piston gakondo. Imiterere yicyumba cyaka hamwe nubuso bwa rotor irashobora kuganisha ku gutwika neza, bigatuma peteroli ikoreshwa cyane.

Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: Indi mbogamizi ikomeye kuri moteri ya Wankel ni ingorane zabo zo kubahiriza ibipimo bihumanya ikirere. Uburyo budasanzwe bwo gutwika burashobora gutuma umuntu atwika bituzuye ivangwa rya peteroli yo mu kirere, bikabyara hydrocarbone na monoxide ya karubone.

Ikirango kiramba: Ikidodo cya apex, ningirakamaro mugukomeza kwikanyiza mucyumba cyaka, kirashobora gushira vuba kuruta ibice bigize moteri ya piston. Iyi myambarire irashobora gutuma imikorere igabanuka no kongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

Imicungire yubushyuhe: Igishushanyo cya moteri ya Wankel irashobora kuganisha ku bushyuhe butaringaniye, butera ibibazo kubicunga ubushyuhe. Gukwirakwiza neza ubushyuhe no gukumira ahantu hashyushye biragoye ugereranije na moteri gakondo.

Porogaramu zigaragara hamwe niterambere

Nubwo hari ibibazo, moteri ya Wankel yabonye icyuho mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe aho inyungu zabo zishobora gukoreshwa neza. Umwe mu bazwi cyane mu gukoresha moteri ya Wankel ni Mazda. Uruganda rukora amamodoka rw’Abayapani rufite amateka maremare hamwe na moteri izunguruka, guhera kuri Mazda Cosmo mu myaka ya za 1960 kandi ikomeza binyuze mu rukurikirane rwa RX, harimo n’imodoka ya RX-7 na RX-8. Ubwitange bwa Mazda kuri moteri ya Wankel bwasojwe na 787B, bwatsindiye Amasaha 24 ya Le Mans yo mu 1991, bikaba byerekana intsinzi yonyine ku modoka ikoreshwa na rot mu mateka y'iryo siganwa.

Kazoza ka moteri ya Wankel

Mu myaka yashize, hongeye gushishikazwa na moteri ya Wankel, iterwa niterambere ryibikoresho nikoranabuhanga. Iterambere rigamije gukemura ibibazo gakondo byuburyo bwo kuzenguruka, cyane cyane mubice byo gukoresha peteroli, ibyuka bihumanya, hamwe nigihe kirekire.

Porogaramu ya Hybrid: Agace kamwe keza kuri moteri ya Wankel iri muri powertrain. Ingano ntoya hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zisohoka za moteri izenguruka bituma ikwiranye neza nkiyaguka ryagutse mumodoka yamashanyarazi (EV). Mugukoresha moteri ya Wankel kugirango itange amashanyarazi kuri bateri, abayikora barashobora gukora sisitemu ya Hybrid yunguka ibyiza bya moteri yizunguruka mugihe hagabanijwe ingufu za peteroli nibibazo byangiza.

Kunoza ibikoresho hamwe na kashe: Iterambere mubikoresho siyanse yatumye habaho iterambere ryibikoresho biramba kandi birwanya ubushyuhe kubimenyetso bya apex nibindi bice byingenzi. Iterambere rirashobora kuzamura kuramba no gukora moteri ya Wankel.

Ibindi bicanwa: Ubushakashatsi bwibicanwa nka hydrogène, bitanga amahirwe ashimishije kuri moteri ya Wankel. Gutwika hydrogène birashobora gukemura bimwe mubibazo byangiza imyuka ijyanye na lisansi gakondo, bigatuma moteri izenguruka isukurwa kandi ikangiza ibidukikije.

Ibinyabiziga na Hanze: Mugihe porogaramu zikoresha amamodoka zikomeje kwibandwaho, moteri ya Wankel nayo irimo gushakishwa kugirango ikoreshwe mu zindi nzego, nk'indege, inyanja, ndetse n'amashanyarazi ashobora gutwara. Ibiranga umwihariko wa moteri izunguruka bituma bihinduka kandi bigahuza ninganda zitandukanye.

Umwanzuro

Moteri ya Wankel ihagaze nkubuhamya bwubuhanga bushya no gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo gutwika imbere. Nubwo yahuye nibibazo bikomeye mumyaka mirongo, moteri izenguruka ikomeje gufata ibitekerezo bya ba injeniyeri nabakunzi. Ibyiza byayo bidasanzwe, nkubunini bworoshye, imikorere yoroshye, hamwe ningufu zingana-nuburemere, bitanga impamvu zikomeye zubushakashatsi niterambere.

Mugihe iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gukemura ibibazo byamateka ya moteri ya Wankel, ibyifuzo byayo biraguka. Kuva ku binyabiziga bivangavanze kugeza ku bindi bicanwa, ejo hazaza ha moteri ya Wankel isa naho itanga icyizere, hashobora kubaho ubuzima bushya butwarwa nibikoresho bishya, gukora neza, no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Muburyo bugenda butera imbere bwubwubatsi bwimodoka, moteri ya Wankel ikomeje kuba igice gishimishije, cyerekana guhanga no gutsimbarara bisabwa kugirango duhindure imipaka yibishoboka. Iyo turebye imbere, moteri izunguruka irashobora kubona umwanya wacyo mumasekuru mashya yimodoka, byerekana ko guhanga udushya bishobora guhindura nibitekerezo bidasanzwe mubisubizo byimpinduramatwara.